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Voltage Drop at 500 Feet

Everything about a 500 ft one-way run on one page: at 240 V and a 3% budget, a 20 A load needs 4 AWG copper and a 50 A load needs 1/0 AWG copper. The quick-answer table and the full percent-drop matrices are below.

Voltage Drop
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Voltage Drop
Percent Drop
Voltage at Load
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Wire Resistance
Ampacity 75°C
0%3% branch5% total8%+

Minimum wire size at 500 ft — 3% drop

Load120 V copper240 V copper240 V aluminum
15 A2 AWG4 AWG3 AWG
20 A1 AWG4 AWG2 AWG
30 A2/0 AWG2 AWG1/0 AWG
40 A3/0 AWG1 AWG2/0 AWG
50 A4/0 AWG1/0 AWG3/0 AWG
60 A250 kcmil2/0 AWG4/0 AWG
80 A300 kcmil3/0 AWG250 kcmil
100 A400 kcmil4/0 AWG300 kcmil

Percent drop at 500 ft — 120 V, copper

Copper \ Amps15 A20 A30 A40 A50 A60 A80 A100 A
14 AWG38.451.276.8†102.3†127.9†153.5†204.7†255.8†
12 AWG24.132.248.2†64.3†80.4†96.5†128.7†160.8†
10 AWG15.120.230.240.3†50.4†60.5†80.7†100.8†
8 AWG9.612.719.125.531.838.2†50.9†63.7†
6 AWG6.18.212.316.420.524.632.7†40.9†
4 AWG3.95.17.710.312.815.420.525.7†
3 AWG3.14.16.18.210.212.216.320.4
2 AWG2.43.24.96.58.19.712.916.2
1 AWG1.92.63.95.16.47.710.312.8
1/0 AWG1.52.03.14.15.16.18.110.2
2/0 AWG1.21.62.43.24.04.86.48.1
3/0 AWG1.01.31.92.63.23.85.16.4
4/0 AWG0.81.01.52.02.53.04.15.1

Percent drop at 500 ft — 240 V, copper

Copper \ Amps15 A20 A30 A40 A50 A60 A80 A100 A
14 AWG19.225.638.4†51.2†64.0†76.8†102.3†127.9†
12 AWG12.116.124.1†32.2†40.2†48.2†64.3†80.4†
10 AWG7.610.115.120.2†25.2†30.2†40.3†50.4†
8 AWG4.86.49.612.715.919.1†25.5†31.8†
6 AWG3.14.16.18.210.212.316.4†20.5†
4 AWG1.92.63.95.16.47.710.312.8†
3 AWG1.52.03.14.15.16.18.210.2
2 AWG1.21.62.43.24.04.96.58.1
1 AWG1.01.31.92.63.23.95.16.4
1/0 AWG0.81.01.52.02.53.14.15.1
2/0 AWG0.60.81.21.62.02.43.24.0
3/0 AWG0.50.61.01.31.61.92.63.2
4/0 AWG0.40.50.81.01.31.52.02.5

Read across your load, down your gauge: ≤3.0 passes the NEC branch recommendation, ≤5.0 the total budget. Cells marked † exceed the 75 °C copper ampacity for that load — undersized regardless of drop. For aluminum multiply any value by ~1.61; for three-phase multiply by 0.866.

Frequently Asked Questions

What size wire do I need for 500 feet?

It depends on the load: at 240 V and 3%, 500 ft needs 4 AWG at 15 A, 4 AWG at 20 A, and 1/0 AWG at 50 A. At 120 V, sizes step up roughly two gauges — see the table above.

Is 500 feet measured one-way or round trip?

One-way — source to load. The return path is already in the formula (×2 single-phase, ×√3 three-phase), so don't double your measurement.

Built & maintained by Murugan Vellaichamy · Every calculation verified against NEC Chapter 9 Table 8 & Table 310.16 published values · Informational reference — not engineering advice