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Voltage Drop at 400 Feet

Everything about a 400 ft one-way run on one page: at 240 V and a 3% budget, a 20 A load needs 4 AWG copper and a 50 A load needs 1 AWG copper. The quick-answer table and the full percent-drop matrices are below.

Voltage Drop
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Voltage Drop
Percent Drop
Voltage at Load
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Wire Resistance
Ampacity 75°C
0%3% branch5% total8%+

Minimum wire size at 400 ft — 3% drop

Load120 V copper240 V copper240 V aluminum
15 A3 AWG6 AWG4 AWG
20 A2 AWG4 AWG3 AWG
30 A1/0 AWG3 AWG1 AWG
40 A2/0 AWG2 AWG1/0 AWG
50 A3/0 AWG1 AWG2/0 AWG
60 A4/0 AWG1/0 AWG3/0 AWG
80 A250 kcmil2/0 AWG4/0 AWG
100 A300 kcmil3/0 AWG250 kcmil

Percent drop at 400 ft — 120 V, copper

Copper \ Amps15 A20 A30 A40 A50 A60 A80 A100 A
14 AWG30.740.961.4†81.9†102.3†122.8†163.7†204.7†
12 AWG19.325.738.6†51.5†64.3†77.2†102.9†128.7†
10 AWG12.116.124.232.3†40.3†48.4†64.5†80.7†
8 AWG7.610.215.320.425.530.6†40.7†50.9†
6 AWG4.96.59.813.116.419.626.2†32.7†
4 AWG3.14.16.28.210.312.316.420.5†
3 AWG2.53.34.96.58.29.813.116.3
2 AWG1.92.63.95.26.57.810.312.9
1 AWG1.52.13.14.15.16.28.210.3
1/0 AWG1.21.62.43.34.14.96.58.1
2/0 AWG1.01.31.92.63.23.95.26.4
3/0 AWG0.81.01.52.02.63.14.15.1
4/0 AWG0.60.81.21.62.02.43.24.1

Percent drop at 400 ft — 240 V, copper

Copper \ Amps15 A20 A30 A40 A50 A60 A80 A100 A
14 AWG15.420.530.7†40.9†51.2†61.4†81.9†102.3†
12 AWG9.712.919.3†25.7†32.2†38.6†51.5†64.3†
10 AWG6.08.112.116.1†20.2†24.2†32.3†40.3†
8 AWG3.85.17.610.212.715.3†20.4†25.5†
6 AWG2.53.34.96.58.29.813.1†16.4†
4 AWG1.52.13.14.15.16.28.210.3†
3 AWG1.21.62.53.34.14.96.58.2
2 AWG1.01.31.92.63.23.95.26.5
1 AWG0.81.01.52.12.63.14.15.1
1/0 AWG0.60.81.21.62.02.43.34.1
2/0 AWG0.50.61.01.31.61.92.63.2
3/0 AWG0.40.50.81.01.31.52.02.6
4/0 AWG0.30.40.60.81.01.21.62.0

Read across your load, down your gauge: ≤3.0 passes the NEC branch recommendation, ≤5.0 the total budget. Cells marked † exceed the 75 °C copper ampacity for that load — undersized regardless of drop. For aluminum multiply any value by ~1.61; for three-phase multiply by 0.866.

Frequently Asked Questions

What size wire do I need for 400 feet?

It depends on the load: at 240 V and 3%, 400 ft needs 6 AWG at 15 A, 4 AWG at 20 A, and 1 AWG at 50 A. At 120 V, sizes step up roughly two gauges — see the table above.

Is 400 feet measured one-way or round trip?

One-way — source to load. The return path is already in the formula (×2 single-phase, ×√3 three-phase), so don't double your measurement.

Built & maintained by Murugan Vellaichamy · Every calculation verified against NEC Chapter 9 Table 8 & Table 310.16 published values · Informational reference — not engineering advice